Documents

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The legal document available for download below constitutes the formal designation of the monument under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The additional details provided on this page are provided for information purposes only and do not form part of the designation. Historic Environment Scotland accepts no liability for any loss or damages arising from reliance on any inaccuracies within this additional information.

• Type

  Legal Documents

  Title

  SM7048_Legal Doc

  Download(https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/document/600012701)

Summary

Description

The monument consists of a roofless chapel standing on a rocky knoll about 77m N of the ruins of the probably contemporary parish church of Kirkapol, the parish of the eastern half of Tiree, together with 2 natural rocks on which are incised Latin crosses.

The chapel is rectangular on plan, measuring 7.1m E-W by 3.4m N-S within walls 0.8m in average thickness. The gables and the N side wall still stand to their original heights of 5.5m and 2.7m respectively above the present internal floor level. Much of the S wall has collapsed during the 20th century, and of what remains sections of the outer face are now missing. Face stones are also missing from parts of the W wall and the base of the E gable.

The walls are constructed of random rubble laid in lime mortar and stand directly on the surface of the natural rock. Some patches of harling survive, as do traces of plaster internally. The NE gable-cope incorporates small slabs laid horizontally to form a projecting drip-course similar to those of the nearby parish church.

The chapel is entered through a semi circular-headed doorway, 0.6m wide, at the W end of the S wall. The vault of its embrasure retains the impression of the planks used in the centering. Two single-light windows face one another towards the E end of each side wall, the N one being better preserved and retaining a slightly pointed head roughly constructed of slab voussoirs.

The chapel is of very similar architectural character to the nearby church and both are likely to be of late medieval date, possibly the latter half of the 14th century.

To the NW of the chapel are 2 incised Latin crosses of Early Christian character, both on rock outcrops. The first, facing E and 53m from the NW corner of the chapel on a bearing 7 degrees E of N, measures 0.45m long by 0.23m wide, and the second, facing SW and 61m from the NW corner of the chapel on a bearing of 11.5 degrees W of N, measures 0.55m long by 0.2m wide.

Although Kirkapol parish is first mentioned in 1375, the character of the crosses suggests the possibility of an earlier origin, as does the placename, which indicates an ecclesiastical site in existence while the Norse language was still spoken locally.

The area to be scheduled is in 3 portions, covering the chapel and the 2 cross-incised stones, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The first is defined by the base of the rock outcrop on which the chapel sits and is approximately circular in shape, with a diameter of 45m, to include the chapel and an area of ground in which evidence relating to its construction and use may survive.

The other portions are circles of 10m diameter, each centred on one of the crosses, to include the crosses themselves and areas of ground in which evidence relating to their carving and function may survive.

Statement of National Importance

The monument is of national importance as the remains of a chapel, probably of late-medieval date, and as 2 incised crosses of Early Christian character and almost certainly of pre-Reformation date. The siting of the chapel so close to the parish church implies that Kirkapol must have been a very important ecclesiastical centre, and the incised crosses suggest that it may have had early origins. The remains have the potential to provide evidence for the early development of the church in the Inner Hebrides and its medieval structure, and for the development of medieval ecclesiastical architecture in the highlands of Scotland.

References

Bibliography

About Scheduled Monuments

Historic Environment Scotland is responsible for designating sites and places at the national level. These designations are Scheduled monuments, Listed buildings, Inventory of gardens and designed landscapes and Inventory of historic battlefields.

We make recommendations to the Scottish Government about historic marine protected areas, and the Scottish Ministers decide whether to designate.

Scheduling is the process that identifies, designates and provides statutory protection for monuments and archaeological sites of national importance as set out in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.

We schedule sites and monuments that are found to be of national importance using the selection guidance published in Designation Policy and Selection Guidance (2019)

Scheduled monument records provide an indication of the national importance of the scheduled monument which has been identified by the description and map. The description and map (see ‘legal documents’ above) showing the scheduled area is the designation of the monument under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The statement of national importance and additional information provided are supplementary and provided for general information purposes only. Historic Environment Scotland accepts no liability for any loss or damages arising from reliance on any inaccuracies within the statement of national importance or additional information. These records are not definitive historical or archaeological accounts or a complete description of the monument(s).

The format of scheduled monument records has changed over time. Earlier records will usually be brief. Some information will not have been recorded and the map will not be to current standards. Even if what is described and what is mapped has changed, the monument is still scheduled.

Scheduled monument consent is required to carry out certain work, including repairs, to scheduled monuments. Applications for scheduled monument consent are made to us. We are happy to discuss your proposals with you before you apply and we do not charge for advice or consent. More information about consent and how to apply for it can be found on our website at www.historicenvironment.scot.

Find out more about scheduling and our other designations at www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support. You can contact us on 0131 668 8914 or at designations@hes.scot.