Description
The monument is a broch, a complex stone-built substantial roundhouse, dating to the Iron Age (between 600 BC and AD 400). The broch is visible as a grass covered stony mound on top of a larger mounded feature likely to contain associated archaeological remains. The broch is located on relatively flat coastal land adjacent to a water course and it stands at approximately 45m above sea level.
The broch mound is sub-circular in shape and it has an undulating surface indicating the position of buried structures and deposits beneath the surface. Records indicate that it was previously investigated and archaeological material was recovered. The extent of the monument has been modified by later land use and the encroachment of a dwelling.
The scheduled area is polygonal on plan, centred on the broch, to include the remains described above and an area around them within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The monument was first scheduled in 1938, but the documentation does not meet current standards; the present amendment rectifies this.
Statement of National Importance
Cultural Significance
The cultural significance of the monument has been assessed as follows:
Intrinsic Characteristics
The monument is a broch, visible as an uneven grass-covered mound sitting on a larger mounded feature. The mound has been disturbed by excavations noted by the Ordnance Survey and these revealed what was possibly the footings of the outer wall of the broch. Therefore, within the smaller, upper mound, evidence of broch walls are likely to survive as too are internal features such as intramural cells, scarcement ledges and stairs. The larger mound is likely to contain evidence of structures such as outbuildings or sections of a surrounding berm.
By analogy with other excavated brochs, the exterior of the broch and the surrounding mound are likely to contain deposits rich in occupation debris, artefacts and palaeoenvironmental evidence that can tell us about how people lived, their trade and exchange contacts, and their social status, as well as provide information about broch architecture and construction methods. The archaeological potential of the monument is demonstrated by the discovery of a secondary cist burial 1930s. It is further demonstrated by excavations at other Caithness brochs, such as Nybster (scheduled monument reference SM569, Canmore ID9329), and by the publication of investigations at Howe on Orkney, where a broch mound was found to preserve rich buried deposits.
Brochs in Caithness are typically thought to date from the mid first millennium BC to the early part of the first millennium AD although there are few precise scientific dates and our understanding of their dating has traditionally been based on typological studies of artefacts recovered from broch sites. The potential presence of outerworks and outbuildings on the substantial mound at indicates this site may have had a complex development sequence. Scientific investigation would allow us to develop a better understanding of the chronology of the site, its date of origin, state of completeness, survival of outerworks and outbuildings or related structures, and any development sequence.
Broch towers are primarily seen as a specific specialised development of complex Atlantic roundhouses. They were large complex structures that could have accommodated either an extended family or a small community. While there would have been a social hierarchy within this community, the construction of these elaborate towers is often understood in terms of elite settlement. Other interpretations have stressed their likely role as fortified or defensive sites, possibly serving a community across a wider area. Brochs are complex structures likely to have had numerous purposes and a complex role in prehistoric society.
Contextual Characteristics
Brochs are a widespread class of monument across northern Scotland with notable concentrations in Caithness, Sutherland, Orkney, Shetland, the Western Isles and the northwest Highlands. This example is one of a larger local/regional group in Caithness, which tend to occupy land along or close to the coastline as well as along the main cross-country routeways. It follows the typical Caithness broch pattern of 'mound on mound', with the lower mound covering secondary structures and the higher mound representing the broch structure.
Location is a significant factor in understanding brochs and so too is intervisibility and relative position with other examples. There are a number of other brochs in the vicinity, again situated on the coastal strip. These include Cairn of Humster broch (scheduled monument reference SM533, Canmore ID 9639) 1.3km to the north-northwest and Thrumster Little broch (scheduled monument reference SM589, Canmore ID 8972) 1.8m to the southwest. There is good potential for comparative study on a local and national scale to better understand the function of such monuments, their interrelationship and the significance of their placing within the landscape, in particular in relation to our understanding of Iron Age social hierarchy, changing settlement patterns and systems of inheritance.
Associative Characteristics
There are no known associative characteristics which contribute to the site's cultural significance.
Statement of National Importance
The monument is of national importance because it contributes to our understanding of the past, in particular of Iron Age society in Caithness and the function, use and development of brochs. The substantial broch mound and the records of early investigations and finds indicated that there is well-preserved structural elements and occupation deposits contained within the mound. The field character of the monument therefore survives to a marked degree. The broch adds to our understanding of settlement patterns and social structure during the Iron Age in Caithness and this potential is enhanced by the numerous brochs in the vicinity. The loss of the monument would significantly diminish our future ability to appreciate and understand the development, use and re-use of brochs, and the nature of Iron Age society, economy and social hierarchy in the north of Scotland.