Documents

Where documents include maps, the use of this data is subject to terms and conditions (https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/termsandconditions).

• Type

  Map

  Title

  Map for War Memorial Hall (former Drill Hall), Fort Augustus (LB52383)

  Download(https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/document/600002743)

Summary

Description

This hall was designed by John Robertson and built in 1891, with a war memorial added to the porch on the front elevation about 1918. It is single storey with a 2-storey wing at the rear, 3-bays wide, roughly L-plan with a porch at the front and Italianate in style. It is built of squared and coursed rubble with yellow polished ashlar dressings. There are large semi-circular arched windows below the gables on the principal elevation and side elevations and deep overhanging eaves with exposed rafter ends. The war memorial has a plaque set within a round arched recess which echoes the shape and dimensions of the windows and the wall has a battlemented parapet. There is a mix of 7 and 9-pane glazing in timber fixed pane windows, grey slates on the roof and cylindrical chimney stacks with yellow clay cans.

The interior, which was seen in 2015, has a good late 19th century decorative scheme with timber panelled doors in place. There is a good hammerbeam roof in the main hall, and a timber chimneypiece and decorative incised dado around most of the building.

Statement of Special Interest

The War Memorial Hall, designed in 1891-2 by the prolific Inverness architect John Robertson, is a public hall which was converted to drill hall use and later returned to its original function. It has good Italianate style detailing in the round arched windows and deep overhanging eaves. The exterior, apart from the addition of the war memorial, has not been significantly altered since 1892 and the interior retains many late 19th century details, including the good hammerbeam roof. It is an important part of the streetscape in a prime position in Fort Augustus, close to the Caledonian Canal.

The 'Scottish Highlander' of 27 February 1890 announced that 'Mr Kenneth Onslow, Brighton, shooting tenant in the district, is to present the village with a new Public Hall. A site has been obtained on the banks of the Onich'. A competition for the design of the hall was held and the winning design was selected before 6 March 1891. Contracts for the new hall were advertised later in the month and the foundation stone was laid on 3 September 1891 by Mrs Rufford of Inchnacardoch Lodge at a formal ceremony, although by that time building was already underway and the walls partially erected. In April 1892 a sketch of the building appeared in the 'People's Journal' and it may have been completed by that date. From 1900 the hall was used as a drill hall by the Imperial Yeomanry Regiment established by Lord Lovat. The footprint of the building remains almost unchanged from that shown on the 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey map, surveyed in 1899 (published in 1900), apart from the extra stone walling containing the war memorial on the front of the porch, which was added just after the First World War.

This hall is interesting in that it was not purpose built as a drill hall but was used as one for a number of years around 1900, before reverting to its original use as a public hall, when a new drill hall was built elsewhere in Fort Augustus at this point. Fort Augustus was a small community (only about 600 people at the beginning of the 1890s) and so it is not surprising that the hall was not purpose built. Some sources claim that it was built by Lord Lovat himself, but 'The Scottish Highlander' of 27 February 1890 states clearly that Mr Kenneth Onslow was to pay for the construction of the hall. However, Lord Lovat was almost certainly instrumental in obtaining the hall for use as a drill hall by the Imperial Yeomanry Regiment established by him in 1900, although the hall is still marked as a public hall on the 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey map.

Simon John Fraser, 14th Lord Lovat, having served initially in the regular army, joined a volunteer regiment in 1897 and in 1899 raised the Imperial Yeomanry volunteer regiment (later the Lovat Scouts), and served as their second-in-command in the South African War, where he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1900. Fort Augustus was in an almost central position in the Lovat estates and the town was a natural recruiting centre for his Yeomanry regiment. Lord Lovat's father, 13th Lord Lovat, had taken a keen interest in the establishment of the Roman Catholic College at Fort Augustus by giving the site. The site for the public hall, however, was secured from the Commissioners of the Caledonian Canal.

John Robertson (1840-1925) designed the drill hall in Fortrose built in 1881 and this is one of his earliest designs in independent practice, while the public hall in Fort Augustus followed ten years later. Both are designed with a prevalence of round arched door and window openings, the style termed 'Romanesque' in the case of Fortrose and 'Italian' in the case of Fort Augustus. Newspaper reports state that the style had been adopted to 'secure perfect acoustic qualities at the least possible expense'. By the 1890s Robertson had developed his own distinctive architectural style, favouring hammer-dressed masonry contrasted with polished ashlar, unusual convex mouldings and occasionally rounded angles. These contrasting masonry types are found at the Hall in Fort Augustus as are the unusual convex mouldings at the window openings. Robertson also seems to have favoured hammerbeam roofs and used them in the hall in Fort Augustus, as well as in Fortrose church and the Fortrose drill hall.

In the late 1850s there was concern in the British Government about the Army's ability to defend both the home nation as well as the Empire. Britain's military defences were stretched and resources to defend Britain needed to be found. One solution was to create 'Volunteer Forces', a reserve of men who volunteered for part-time military training similar to that of the regular army and who could therefore help to defend Britain if the need arose.

In 1859 the Rifle Volunteer Corps (and Artillery Volunteers Corps in defended coastal towns) were formed and the Volunteer Act of 1863 provided more regulation on how the volunteer forces were run and it set out the standards for drills and a requirement for annual inspections. Most purpose-built drill halls constructed at this time were paid for by a major local landowner, the subscriptions of volunteers, local fundraising efforts or a combination of all three. The Regulation of the Forces Act 1871 (known as the Cardwell Reforms after the Secretary of State for War, Edward Cardwell) gave forces the legal right to acquire land to build a drill hall and more purpose-built drill halls began to be constructed after this date. The largest period of drill hall construction, aided by government grants, took place between 1880 and 1910. The Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (known as the Haldane Reforms after the Secretary of State for War, Richard Haldane) came into force in 1908 and the various Volunteer Units were consolidated to form the Territorial Force. The construction of drill halls largely ceased during the First World War and in 1920 the Territorial Force became the Territorial Army.

In the 20th century changes in warfare and weaponry made many of the earlier drill halls redundant and subject to demolition or change to a new use. Around 344 drill halls are believed to have been built in Scotland of which 182 are thought to survive today, although few remain in their original use. Drill halls are an important part of our social and military history. They tell us much about the development of warfare and the history of defending our country. They also, unusually for a nationwide building programme, were not standardised and were often designed by local architects in a variety of styles and they also have a part to play in the history of our communities.

The requirements for drill halls were basic – a large covered open space to train and drill as well as a place for the secure storage of weapons. The vast majority of drill halls were modest utilitarian structures. Most drill halls conformed to the pattern of an administrative block containing offices and the armoury to store weapons along with a caretaker or drill instructors accommodation, usually facing the street. To the rear would be the drill hall itself. Occasionally more extensive accommodation was required, such as for battalion headquarters where interior rifle ranges, libraries, billiards rooms, lecture theatres and bars could all be included.

Listed in 2016 as part of the Drill Halls Listing Review 2015-16.

References

Bibliography

About Listed Buildings

Historic Environment Scotland is responsible for designating sites and places at the national level. These designations are Scheduled monuments, Listed buildings, Inventory of gardens and designed landscapes and Inventory of historic battlefields.

We make recommendations to the Scottish Government about historic marine protected areas, and the Scottish Ministers decide whether to designate.

Listing is the process that identifies, designates and provides statutory protection for buildings of special architectural or historic interest as set out in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997.

We list buildings which are found to be of special architectural or historic interest using the selection guidance published in Designation Policy and Selection Guidance (2019)

Listed building records provide an indication of the special architectural or historic interest of the listed building which has been identified by its statutory address. The description and additional information provided are supplementary and have no legal weight.

These records are not definitive historical accounts or a complete description of the building(s). If part of a building is not described it does not mean it is not listed. The format of the listed building record has changed over time. Earlier records may be brief and some information will not have been recorded.

The legal part of the listing is the address/name of site which is known as the statutory address. Other than the name or address of a listed building, further details are provided for information purposes only. Historic Environment Scotland does not accept any liability for any loss or damage suffered as a consequence of inaccuracies in the information provided. Addresses and building names may have changed since the date of listing. Even if a number or name is missing from a listing address it will still be listed. Listing covers both the exterior and the interior and any object or structure fixed to the building. Listing also applies to buildings or structures not physically attached but which are part of the curtilage (or land) of the listed building as long as they were erected before 1 July 1948.

While Historic Environment Scotland is responsible for designating listed buildings, the planning authority is responsible for determining what is covered by the listing, including what is listed through curtilage. However, for listed buildings designated or for listings amended from 1 October 2015, legal exclusions to the listing may apply.

If part of a building is not listed, it will say that it is excluded in the statutory address and in the statement of special interest in the listed building record. The statement will use the word 'excluding' and quote the relevant section of the 1997 Act. Some earlier listed building records may use the word 'excluding', but if the Act is not quoted, the record has not been revised to reflect subsequent legislation.

Listed building consent is required for changes to a listed building which affect its character as a building of special architectural or historic interest. The relevant planning authority is the point of contact for applications for listed building consent.

Find out more about listing and our other designations at www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support. You can contact us on 0131 668 8914 or at designations@hes.scot.

Images