Listed Building

The only legal part of the listing under the Planning (Listing Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 is the address/name of site. Addresses and building names may have changed since the date of listing – see 'About Listed Buildings' below for more information. The further details below the 'Address/Name of Site' are provided for information purposes only.

Address/Name of Site

CULZEAN CASTLE ESTATE, ARDLOCHAN LODGE AND GATEPIERSLB11748

Status: Designated

Documents

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Summary

Category
C
Group Category Details
100000019 - See Notes
Date Added
22/10/2007
Local Authority
South Ayrshire
Planning Authority
South Ayrshire
Parish
Kirkoswald
NGR
NS 22087 9097
Coordinates
222087, 609097

Description

Circa 1830. Single storey, 3-bay, rectangular-plan, piended roof gate lodge, prominent brick ridge stack, lean-to extension with catslide roof to S. Limewashed random rubble with droved ashlar dressings. Located on S side of track at SW entrance to estate. N ELEVATION: broad central doorway flanked by side lights. Segmental-arched windows to outer bays. W ELEVATION: central segmental-arched window. E ELEVATION: central segmental-arched window with door to lean-to on left. S ELEVATION: small window aperture to left in wall of lean-to.

Predominantly 8-plane glazing in side-hung timber casements. Corniced brick stack with red clay cans. Grey slate roof.

INTERIOR (seen 2010): small entrance lobby with oak-grained timber panelling and doors. Former kitchen to left, with scullery in lean-to beyond. Ochre-coloured 1ft-square ceramic tiles concealed beneath later timber floor. Circa 1930 ceramic tile fireplace. Former bedroom to right, with additional room in lean-to beyond. Lime-ash floor concealed beneath timber flooring. 19th century timber fireplace, with later grate and ceramic tiles. Vertically boarded timber doors throughout.

GATEPIERS: square plan diminutive droved ashlar piers with cornice and shallow pyramidal copes, attached on both sides to remains of random rubble wall, with slab coping. Tubular metal gate (non-original).

Statement of Special Interest

Part of an A group at Culzean Castle Estate comprising: Culzean Castle; Castle Walls etc; Fountain Court etc; Ruined Arch and Viaduct; Stable Block etc; Camellia House; Cat Gates; Home Farm; Powder House; Ardlochan Lodge; Dolphin House; Hoolity Ha'; Swan Pond Complex; Swan Pond Ice House; Walled Garden; Bathing Complex; Water Works; Shore Boat House; Battery and Mast House; Main Drive Walls and Piers; Gas Works.

The lodge and gate at Ardlochan were part of numerous improvements to the Culzean estate carried out for the 1st Marquess of Ailsa and is an important ancillary component of the estate. This lodge formalised the entrance from Maidens to the NW, marking the beginning of a direct axial W-E carriageway to the Castle, in contrast to the other winding drives around the grounds. The 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map (1854-9) shows a small lean-to already present, but this is probably subsequent to the original construction as the walls are thinner and the rubble construction cruder. It was extended to the full length of the rear elevation, in 1901. Plans of that date show an additional stack at the centre of the rear wall. At the same time the main portion of the building was re-roofed and the window added in the previously blank east elevation. There is no window in the west elevation in the 1901 plans, suggesting a later alteration. Extensive recent analyses of paint layers have indicated that the casement window frames in the N (principal) elevation are original, and that the building appears to have been limewashed from the earliest days, initially in a pink shade using yellow and red ochre. Documents in the Culzean Estate Office show that the current brick chimney is the third, the second being of stone.

Together with the remarkable ornamental landscape of its estate, Culzean Castle is acknowledged as the epitome of the Picturesque movement in Scotland, in its own right and is a work of international importance. Culzean, at one time the largest estate in Ayrshire, has been associated with the Kennedy family since the Middle Ages. It was gifted by Gilbert the 4th Earl of Cassillis to his brother Thomas Kennedy, in 1569. In the 1660s, the barmekin around the tower house was breached to create the terraced gardens, orchards, and walled garden for which Culzean was notable, while the caves beneath the castle ' now a scheduled monument ' were fortified to serve as secure stores. Culzean Castle became the principal family seat when Sir Thomas Kennedy (1726-75) became the 9th Earl of Cassillis, in 1759. A continuing programme of improvements was undertaken by Sir Thomas and his successors during the 18th and 19th centuries. The 10th Earl began rebuilding the Castle to designs by Robert Adam. This work was continued by Archibald (1770-1846), the 12th Earl, later the 1st Marquess of Ailsa. From about 1810 onwards he commissioned numerous structures, both practical and ornamental, and several important architects and landscape designers were engaged to embellish the gardens and grounds with ponds, gates, lodges and pavilions, resulting in several key works of the Picturesque era. The 3rd Marquess undertook the modernisation and enlargement of the Castle in the 1870s. In 1945, the 5th Marquess of Ailsa divided the property, making over the Castle, and the policies immediately surrounding it, to the National Trust for Scotland.

List description revised as part of the Culzean Castle Estate Review, 2010-11.

References

Bibliography

1st Edition Ordnance Survey (1854-9). Michael S Moss, The Magnificent Castle of Culzean & the Kennedy Family (2002). Additional information from Kinlay Laidlaw, National Trust for Scotland Area Surveyor (2010).

About Listed Buildings

Historic Environment Scotland is responsible for designating sites and places at the national level. These designations are Scheduled monuments, Listed buildings, Inventory of gardens and designed landscapes and Inventory of historic battlefields.

We make recommendations to the Scottish Government about historic marine protected areas, and the Scottish Ministers decide whether to designate.

Listing is the process that identifies, designates and provides statutory protection for buildings of special architectural or historic interest as set out in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997.

We list buildings which are found to be of special architectural or historic interest using the selection guidance published in Designation Policy and Selection Guidance (2019)

Listed building records provide an indication of the special architectural or historic interest of the listed building which has been identified by its statutory address. The description and additional information provided are supplementary and have no legal weight.

These records are not definitive historical accounts or a complete description of the building(s). If part of a building is not described it does not mean it is not listed. The format of the listed building record has changed over time. Earlier records may be brief and some information will not have been recorded.

The legal part of the listing is the address/name of site which is known as the statutory address. Other than the name or address of a listed building, further details are provided for information purposes only. Historic Environment Scotland does not accept any liability for any loss or damage suffered as a consequence of inaccuracies in the information provided. Addresses and building names may have changed since the date of listing. Even if a number or name is missing from a listing address it will still be listed. Listing covers both the exterior and the interior and any object or structure fixed to the building. Listing also applies to buildings or structures not physically attached but which are part of the curtilage (or land) of the listed building as long as they were erected before 1 July 1948.

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Printed: 28/03/2024 16:52